Election Day is on the horizon, so a brief reminder regarding legal restrictions on political signage is appropriate:
Electioneering outside the 100-foot campaign-free zone is permitted
“Electioneering” is conduct that urges a vote for or against a party, candidate or issue or engaging in political discussion within 100 feet of a polling place. 10 ILCS 5/7-41(c), 5/17-29. Electioneering may take the form of either verbal communication or non-verbal communication – displaying signs, wearing campaign buttons or distributing campaign literature.
Sections 7-41 and 17-29 identify that the 100-foot zone runs from each entrance to the voting room itself, not the entire building. The election judges must place two or more cones or some other marker a distance of 100 horizontal feet from each entrance to the room used by voters to engage in voting (the polling room). If the polling room is located within a building that is a school, a church or another organization founded for the purpose of religious worship and the distance of 100 horizontal feet ends within the interior of the building, then the markers must be placed outside of the building at each entrance used by voters to enter that building on the grounds adjacent to the thoroughfare or walkway. If the polling room is located within a building with two or more floors and the polling room is located on the ground floor, then the markers shall be placed 100 horizontal feet from each entrance to the polling room used by voters to engage in voting. If the polling room is located in a building with two or more floors and the polling room is located on a floor above or below the ground floor, then the markers shall be placed a distance of 100 feet from the nearest elevator or staircase used by voters on the ground floor to access the floor where the polling room is located.
The markers delineate the “campaign-free zone” in which electioneering is prohibited. The area on polling place property beyond the campaign-free zone is considered a public forum for the time that the polls are open on election day. A person shall have the right to congregate and engage in electioneering on any polling place property while the polls are open beyond the campaign-free zone, including but not limited to, the placement of temporary signs.
These restrictions are also applicable during the “early voting” timeframe. A violation during early voting is considered contempt of court. 10 ILCS 5/19A-70.
Because of the potentially complicated First Amendment implications in this area of the law, please be sure to immediately check with your Tressler attorney if these issues arise.
There is no restriction on how long signs can be placed in residential areas
Several years ago municipalities would regulate when campaign signs could be displayed. Effective January 1, 2011, the Illinois General Assembly passed Public Act 96-0904 to establish that “other than reasonable restrictions as to size, no home rule or non-home rule municipality may prohibit the display of outdoor political campaign signs on residential property during any period of time . . .” 65 ILCS 5/11-13-1. This law prohibits any restriction on how long campaign signs can be placed in residential yards. Your local sign regulations should be reviewed to ensure they meet this requirement.
The United States Supreme Court has limited your sign regulations
On June 18, 2015, the United States Supreme Court issued its decision in the case of Reed v. Town of Gilbert, Arizona, 135 S.Ct. 2218 (2015). The Reed case is a watershed ruling that impacted every municipality in the United States.
The town of Gilbert had a comprehensive sign code that prohibited the display of outdoor signs without a permit, but the code exempted three categories of signs: (1) “Ideological Signs”; (2) “Political Signs”; and (3) “Temporary Directional Signs”. Each category, however, had its own set of regulations and restrictions.
Petitioners, a church and its pastor, whose Sunday church services are held at various temporary locations in the town, posted signs early each Saturday bearing the church name and the time and location of the next service and did not remove the signs until around midday Sunday. The church was cited for exceeding the time limits under town ordinances for displaying temporary directional signs and for failing to include an event date on the signs. Petitioners filed suit, claiming that the code abridged their freedom of speech.
The Supreme Court determined that the sign code did violate the First Amendment. It determined that the town’s sign code was facially content-based because the code defined the three categories of signs based on their messages and then subjected each category to different restrictions. In addition, the code’s content-based restrictions did not survive strict scrutiny because the differential treatment between the categories did not serve the compelling governmental interests in aesthetics and traffic safety. Therefore, it was not narrowly tailored to serve those interests.
Consequently, municipalities should pay attention to their temporary sign regulations and make sure that they do not improperly differentiate based on the content of the message.
If you have further questions about campaign signs, please contact your Tressler attorney.
For more information about this article, contact Tressler attorney John O’Driscoll at jodriscoll@tresslerllp.com.